An Illustrated Checklist

of

Recent Conidae

locumtenens Blumenbach to ritae Petuch

abbas Hwass to cylindraceus Broderip & Sowerby
dalli Stearns to lizarum Raybaudi & Da Motta
roberti Richard to zylmanae Petuch

Schooner Home Page

Conus locumtenens Blumenbach 1791 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Filmer: Although Conus acuminatus Hwass 1792 is a senior synonym of Conus locumtenens, a proposal to establish Conus acuminatus as having precedence was never submitted to ICZN. Therefore, the name of the species remains as locumtenens.

Distribution: Somalia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus locumtenens Blumenbach 1791   Brown form (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus locumtenens Blumenbach 1791   (Image from Luciano Giombini's Site)
Conus locumtenens Blumenbach 1791...41.5 mm...Gulf of Oman   (Image Schooner)

- Conus lohri Kilburn 1972 is a colour form of Conus pennaceus Born 1778; See there-

Conus longilineus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Sal Island, Cape Verde
Normal size: 26 mm

Conus longilineus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus longilineus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro 1980 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus longurionis Kiener 1850 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Taiwan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, E. Africa, W. Thailand
Maximum size: 46 mm

Conus longurionis Kiener 1845...31 to 32mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus longurionis f. kantanganus da Motta 1982 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A geographical form; similar to the shells from East Africa; distinct flowing lines; same sculptural characteristic covering the entire surface from the apex to the base without any apparent interruption.

Distribution: India, W. Thailand
Maximum size: 37.4 mm

Conus lorenzianus Dillwyn 1817 - A subspecies of Conus spurius Gmelin 1791; See there.

Conus loroisii Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: E. Indies, Sri Lanka, Philippines, New Guinea, and Solomon Islands
Maximum size: 120 mm

Conus loroisii Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus loroisii f. huberorum da Motta 1989 (Image Alexander Medvedev)
- An often distorted form with a aperture wider at base than near the shoulder; generally smaller and leighter in weight.

Distribution: India
Maximum size: 73 mm

Conus loroisii f. insignis Dautzenberg 1937 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form with a less rounded shoulder; last whorl tinged with grey or various shades of brown; colours aranged in blending spiral zones; variably fine, blackish brown lines from base to shoulder.

Distribution: Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Maximum size: 120 mm

Conus loroisii f. insignis Dautzenberg 1937...75 and 73.5 mm...India (Image Schooner)

Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek 1995 PARATYPE (Image Bill Fenzan)
- Small, light biconic; protoconch with glossy whorls; spire moderate high, outline deeply concave; postnuclear whorls nodulose and slightly stepped; shoulder weekly tuberculate and carinate with a ridge just below it; sides of last whorl slighly sigmoid, attenated near base; on the base of the last whorl about 20 spiral ribbons with flat surface, separated by axially grooves; upper part smooth; aperture straight, outer lip thin, milky white.

Distribution: Loyalty Ridge, New Caledonia
Maximum size : 21.8 mm

Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek 1995   (Image Eric Monnier)
Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek 1995   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus loyaltiensis Röckel & Moolenbeek 1995   (Image Paul Kersten)

??Conus (Leptoconus) lozeti Richard 1980
- According to most authors a synonym of Conus amadis Gmelin 1791; according to Tucker a valid species from Madagascar

Conus lucaya Petuch 2000 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer a synonym of Hwass 1792
- According to Tucker: synonym of Conus cardinalis Hwass 1792
- Bright red coloured with variably amounts of white blotches and flammules in a checkered pattern, aperture deep pink-rose; high spire.

Distribution: Bahamas
Maximum size: 29 mm

Conus luciae Moolenbeek 1986 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.
Maximum size: 62 mm

Conus luciae Moolenbeek 1986 (Image Alexander Medvedev)
Conus luciae Moolenbeek 1986 (Image Michel Jolivet)

Conus lucidus Wood 1828 - Spiderweb Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus lucidus Wood 1828...39 mm...Galapagos   (Image Schooner)
Conus lucidus Wood 1828...31mm...Panama   (Image Schooner)
Conus lucidus Wood 1828   (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus lugubris Reeve 1849 (Image Manuel Tenorio)
- According to Tucker a synonym of Conus cuneolus crotchii Reeve 1849, although lugubris is in his opinion a synonym of Conus aplustre Reeve 1843

Distribution : Sao Vicente Island, Cape Verde
Normal size : 18 mm

Conus luquei Rolán & Trovão 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Boavista Island, Cape Verde
Normal size : 32 mm

Conus luquei Rolán & Trovão 1990 Different patterns (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus luteus Sowerby I 1833 - Luteus Cone (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Yellow *or* white apex.

Distribution: N. Australia, Tuamotus
Maximum size: 54 mm

Conus luteus Sowerby 1833 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus luteus richardsae Korn & Röckel 1992 - Richard's Luteus Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer a valid species
- reddish violet; last whorl with 3 spiral bands of brown axial clouds, below the shoulder and on both sides of the shoulder; dashed spiral lines

Distribution: Philippines, New Caledonia
Maximum size: 48 mm

Conus luteus richardsae Korn & Röckel 1992 (Image Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus lynceus Sowerby 1858 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Taiwan, Philippines, Java, Solomon Is., Queensland Australia, W. Thailand
Maximum size: 95 mm

Conus lynceus Sowerby 1858    - A specimen with hardly any pattern   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus lynceus Sowerby 1858   - a very dark form   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus lynceus Sowerby 1858   (Image Michel Jolivet)
Conus lynceus Sowerby 1858...66.5 mm...Indonesia   (Image Schooner)

Conus macarae Bernardi 1857 - form of Conus voluminalis Reeve 1843; See there.

Conus madagascariensis Sowerby 1858 - Madagascar Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: subspecies of Conus pennaceus Born 1778

Distribution: S. India
Maximum size: 81.3 mm

Conus madagascariensis Sowerby 1858 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus magellanicus Hwass 1792 - Magellan's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Guadeloupe, Bahamas, probably most of W. Indies, Columbia
Maximum size: 35 mm

Conus magellanicus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus magellanicus Hwass 1792 (Image Giancarlo Paganelli)

Conus magellanicus f. colombianus Petuch 1987 (Image from Eddy Hardy's Site)
- Described as a valid species: a form with orange brown with darker orange markings; shoulder sharp-angled; aperture white.

Distribution: Columbia
Maximum size: 57 mm

Conus magellanicus f. exquisitus Sowerby III, 1887 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A "distinct" colour form so far only found in the Bahamas, Antigua.

Distribution: Bahamas
Maximum size: 20 mm

Conus magellanicus f. hilli Petuch 1990 - Hill's Cone (Image from Eddie Hardy's Site)
-Described as a valid species; shell stocky, broad across shoulder; spire low, flattened; shoulder sharply-angled; body whorl very smooth and shiny; deep purple-blue with blotchy light blue band around midbody marked with 4 rows of tiny reddish-brown dots; spire whorls with white large dark brown flammules; protoconch light orange; aperture narrow; inside purple.

Distribution: Caribbean Panama
Maximum size: 21 mm

Conus magellanicus f. hilli Petuch 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus magellanicus f. kirkandersi Petuch 1987 - Kirk Ander's Cone (Image from Paul Kersten)
- Described as a valid species, M. Filmer agrees; form with small with low spire, almost flattened, shoulder rounded smooth; body whorl sculptured with 12-15 large raised spiral cords and numerous fine spiral threads; shell colour pure white with 2 broad bands, one above mid-body and one below; bands often break up in blotches; anetrior tip of the shell brown; several rows of dark brown spots; spire white with dark-brown flammules; protoconch and early whorls yellow; aperture white with 2 brown bands -

Distribution: Caribbean E. Mexico
Maximum size: 19 mm

Conus magellanicus kirkandersi Reeve 1848   (Image Giancarlo Paganelli)
Conus magellanicus kirkandersi Reeve 1848   (Image Dream Shells)
Conus magellanicus kirkandersi Reeve 1848   (Image Dream Shells)
Conus magellanicus kirkandersi Reeve 1848   (Image Dream Shells)

Conus magellanicus speciosissimus Reeve 1848 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

- A subspecies or form of Conus magellanicus Hwass 1792 (senior synonym of Conus ornatus Sowerby 1833)

Distribution: Guadeloupe
Maximum size: 20 mm

Conus magister Doiteau 1981 - form of Conus crocatus Lamarck 1810; See there.

Conus magnificus Reeve 1843 - Dignified Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Okinawa, Philippines, Solomon Is., Queensland, Tahiti, Marquesas, Samoa and Marshall Is.
Maximum size: 90 mm

Conus magnificus Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus magnottei Petuch 1987 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer: a valid species; Maybe a shallow water form of Conus kalafuti (Pers. Comm. Bruno Besse, PK)
- Small, low spire, smooth; body whorl smooth and shiny; color bright purplis-pink to lilac with numerous white patches and flammules; white or pale band around mid-body; protoconch and early whorls bright pink; aperture purple.

Distribution: Roatan Island, E. Honduras
Maximum size : 17 mm

Conus magus Linnaeus 1758 (Image from Paul Kersten)
- Probably the world's most variable cone species. The status of many forms is unclear or disputed.

Distribution: Indonesia to Japan, Marshall Is., Fiji
Maximum size: 93.8 mm

Conus magus Linnaeus 1758   (Image from Paul Kersten)
Conus magus Linnaeus 1758   (Image from Paul Kersten)
Conus magus Linnaeus 1758   (Image from Paul Kersten)
Conus magus Linnaeus 1758   (Image from Paul Kersten)
Conus magus Linnaeus 1758   (Image from Paul Kersten)

Conus magus f. assimilis A. Adams 1854 (Image Paul Kersten )
- A form with a last whorl that is ventricosely conical; pattern of irregular brown blotches speckled on white, irregular dotted spiral lines in and outside these blotches -

Distribution: Philippines, Australia
Maximum size: 85mm

Conus magus f. assimilis A.Adams 1854 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus magus f. borneensis Sowerby 1866 - Borneo Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A weak form - properly applied only to specimens from Borneo.

Distribution: N. Borneo
Maximum size: ?? mm

Conus magus f. carinatus Swainson 1822 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Last whorl conical, conoid-cylindrical or ventricosely conical; most uniform colour pattern with spiral bands, lines and axial streaks in shades of brown.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 75 mm

Conus magus f. carinatus Swainson 1822 (Image from Eddie Hardy's Site)

Conus magus f. cernohorskyi da Motta 1983 - Cernohorsky's Magician's Cone (Image Gene Mallory's Site)
- A small form; last whorl ventricosely conical broader than in other forms of magus; rough surface, larval whorls pink.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus magus f. circae Sowerby 1858 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form from New Caledonia; most often ventricosely conical; distinct pattern with yellow, orange and brown and fine spiral lines.

Distribution: New Caledonia and Solomon Islands
Maximum size: 61 mm

Conus magus f. consul Boivin 1864 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A form similar to form assimilus; see there.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: ?

Conus magus f. frauenfeldi Crosse 1865 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form from Indonesia with a distinct pattern; ground colour white with blackish brown blotches or flames that tend to be axially arranged.

Distribution: Indonesia
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus magus f. frauenfeldi Crosse 1865 (Image Giancarlo Paganelli)

Conus magus f. fulvobullatus da Motta 1982 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A form similar to assimilis A. Adams

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 62.2 mm

Conus magus f..fulvobullatus da Motta 1982...60 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

?? Conus magus f. metcalfii Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Accepted as a legitimate form by some, according to Filmer it is a synonym (subadult developmental stage); Filmer: synonym of Conus magus Linnaues 1758; RKK believe it could be a synonym of cernohorskyi da Motta 1983, above; relatively small and stout; irregular surface with yellow to black blotches.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: Probably about 50 mm

Conus magus f. metcalfii Reeve 1843 - Magician's Cone (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus magus f. raphanus Hwass 1792 - Magician's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Form. Last whorl conical, more inflate below the shoulder than in other magus forms ; ground colour white; pattern of yellow to light brown spiral bands, brown axial streaks and dotted spiral lines in yellow or brown.

Distribution: Phillipines
Maximum size: 80 mm

Conus magus f. signifer Crosse 1865 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Form. Last whorl reddish brown with white flecks in the midst of the body and the shoulder-

Distribution: Fiji at least
Maximum size: 40 mm

Conus magus f. ustulatus Reeve 1843 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Form. Last whorl with sipral ribs and 2 broad pale yellow bands.

Distribution: Solomon Sea, Palawan Philippines
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus mahogani Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Regarded by Chaney as a valid species, J. Tucker and Filmer agree; often seen as a form of Conus ximenes
Gray 1839.

Distribution: Galapagos Islands, W. Panama, Pacific Colombia
Maximum size: 48 mm

Conus mahogani Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mahogani Reeve 1843 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus maioensis Trovão, Rolán & Felix-Alves 1989 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Maio Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size: 36.3 mm

Conus maioensis Trovão, Rolán & Felix-Alves 1989 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus malacanus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: India Sri Lanka
Maximum size: 77 mm

Conus malacanus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus malacanus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

? Conus maldivus Hwass 1792 - Maldive Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Considered by many to be a form of Conus generalis Linnaeus 1767
- According to Filmer valid

Conus mappa Solander 1786 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker a subspecies of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus 1767
- Heavy shell with a rather short concave spire; aperture narrow and white; colour is milky-white with two spiral bands of yellow brown broken into many irregular patches or greyish white with yellow brown maculations; numerous spiral lines of short dark brown and white streaks placed on fine and weak spiral ridges near the base; shells from other location have a bit different patterns.

Distribution: Caribbean: Venezuela, Trinidad, Barbados
Maximum size: 67 mm

Conus mappa Solander 1786 (Image Alexander Medvedev)

Conus mappa jesusramirez Cossignani 2010 (Image Tiziano Cossignani)
- Described as a subspecies

Distribution: Caribbean: Colombia
Maximum size: 32.05 mm

Conus mappa granarius Kiener 1845 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A subspecies

Distribution: Caribbean: Colombia, Venezuela
Maximum size: 69 mm

Conus mappa granarius Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus mappa granarius f. panamicus Petuch 1991 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A small form, described by Petuch as a subspecies of Conus granarius Kiener1845. Regarded by Filmer as a synonym of Conus granarius which is a subspecies of Conus mappa Lightfoot 1786; smaller than the nominate form, stumpier, more biconically shaped with a proportionally higher spire; it lacks the spiral dots of the nominate and is a much paler.

Distribution: E. Panama
Maximum size: 64 mm

Conus mappa granarius f. panamicus (Image Bruno Mathé www.zonatus.com)

Conus mappa f. sanctaemarthae Vink 1977 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form of Conus granarius Kiener 1845 (form of mappa Solander); background is purplish grey, often with various darker bands and numerous spiral lines of alternating cream and dark brown streaks; spiral lines weakly sculptured near the base; spire moderately concave; shoulder smooth.

Distribution: Colombia
Maximum size: 53mm

Conus mappa trinitarius Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A subspecies; more whitish.

Distribution: Venezuela
Maximum size: 66.3 mm

Conus marchionatus Hinds 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Formerly considered a form or subspecies of nobilis L.

Distribution: Marquesas Islands
Maximum size: 68 mm

Conus marchionatus Hinds 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)

- Conus marielae Rehder & B. Wilson 1975 is a subspecies of Conus moluccensis Küster; See there.

Conus marmoreus Linnaeus 1758 - Marble Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka to Fiji Islands
Maximum size: 149.9 mm

Conus marmoreus Linnaeus 1758 - Unfrequent golden form from New Caledonia (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus marmoreus f. "batarde" Prigent 1973 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form with a degenerated pattern. It is always very small - perhaps the gene which is responsible for the pattern abberation also stunts growth??

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: 39 mm

Conus marmoreus f. batard Prigent 1973 (Image Paul Kersten)

? Conus marmoreus f. crosseanus Bernardi 1861 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Some authors consider it a subspecies or a species; Filmer and RKK consider it a form: rather axially lineate lines; dark brown pattern on bluish white ground.

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: 150 mm

Conus marmoreus f. crosseanus Bernardi 1861 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus marmoreus crosseanus f. lineata Crosse 1878 (Image Alexander Medvedev)
- A colour/pattern form of Conus crosseanus Bernardi; with additional ground-colour lines

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: 70 mm

Conus marmoreus f. pseudomarmoreus Crosse 1875 (Image Zonatus)
- A form with an almost smooth shoulder.

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus marmoreus f. suffusus Sowerby 1870 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form with distinct spire tubercles and without any pattern; white, pale pink or pale yellow.

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: ?? mm

Conus marmoreus f. suffusus Sowerby 1870 - Suffuse Cone (Image from Femorale Site)

Conus martensi Smith 1884 (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus alconelli Da Motta 1986) - junior synonym, Tenorio & Monteiro regard the species as different from Conus alconelli ; so the pictured specimen is a specimen of the latter

Distribution: E. Africa - Oman; Mascarenes
Maximum size: 78 mm

Conus martensi Smith 1884 (Image Mike Filmer)
Conus martensi Smith 1884 (Image Michel Jolivet)

Conus mauricioi Coltro 2004 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer a synonym of Conus archetypus Crosse 1865 - Possibly a synonym of Conus beddomei Sowerby III 1901; regarded by J. Tucker (Pers. Comm. (Kersten)) as a form of Conus ziczac Mülfeld 1816.

Distribution: Brazil
Maximum size: 29 mm

Conus mauricioi Coltro 2004 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus mayaguensis Nowell-Usticke 1968 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- According to Tucker: synonym of Conus cardinalis Hwass 1792
- Small shell; spire medium high, slightly concave to flat-sided; strong patches of colour on the spire; shoulder sharp with regular white patches; nuclear whorls pink; rather slender body with fine raised spiral lines; colour very variable and colourful from orange-red, reddish-brown, to bright pink; white central band with irregular patches of brown markings; lighter patch at tip of the base; aperture from mauve to pinkish.

Distribution: Puerto Rico
Maximum size: 27 mm

Conus mayaguensis Nowell-Usticke 1968...26mm ...Puerto Rico (Image Schooner)

Conus mazei Deshayes 1874 - Maze's Cone (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Short very slightly concave spire with very fine nodulose spire whorls; sides with growth lines and about 6 very fine spiral striae; spaced spiral rows of brown dots above the whorl shoulders aligned with one another; body whorl is almost convex at the top, then slightly convex and tapering sharply to a sharp point; 9-10 spiral rows of prominent squarish red brown spots, which become smaller towards the base; sculpture concist of very fine close spiral grooves with 2 finely punctated grooves just below the shoulder and punctate basal striae-

Distribution: W. Florida USA - Mexico, Brazil
Maximum size: 58 mm

?? Conus mazei f. rainesae McGinty 1953 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A valid species acc. to Filmer or a form.

Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil
Maximum size: 25 mm

?? Conus mazei f. rainesae McGinty 1953 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus mcbridei Lorenz 2005 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Small shell, solid, slender and ventricosely conical; spire slightly domed with a distinctly projecting knob-like protoconch; shoulder rounded and very indistinctly coronate; larval shell smooth with two whorls; body whorl seems smooth and glossy but has hardly visible narrow spiral grooves; basal area has distinct spiral ribs; most of the shell is white with a very faint bluish tint towards the middle; the anterior third is seperated by a rich black tint

Distribution: Sulawesi Indonesia, New Ireland, Oahu Hawaii
Maximum size: 10,9 mm

? Conus mcgintyi Pilsbry 1955 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A valid species (Filmer) or possibly a form of Conus mazei Deshayes 1834 or Conus rainesae McGinty 1953; valid according to J. Tucker (Pers. Comm. (Kersten)); slender, narrow shell strongly sculptured with numerous small raised spiral that appeared beaded; having very fine verticals between the raised spirals; spire very high with concave sides, strongly beaded with stepped whorls; shoulder sharply angled; colour ivory white with about 10 spaced rows of small weak brownish squares.

Distribution : Florida to Brazil
Maximum size : 60 mm

( Conus mediterraneus Hwass, 1792) - synonym of Conus ventricosus Gmelin 1791; See there.

Conus medoci Lorenz 2004 (Image from the site of Felix Lorenz)
- Straight sided; shoulder convex; spire is low; body whorl is smooth except the anterior part where it has fine and dense spiral grooves; colour of the body whorl is brown with two paler spiral bands on which numerous conspicuous transverse lines of darker brown and white intermitted stripes.

Distribution : Madagascar
Maximum size : 67 mm

Conus medoci Lorenz 2004  (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus medoci Lorenz 2004  (Image Eric Monnier)
Conus medoci Lorenz 2004  (Image Michel Jolivet)

Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán 2008 Holotype (Image Manuel Tenorio)
- Last whorl with a tendency to be slightly convex; shoulder well marked; a greenish or yellowish ground color, which varies from dark green to light yellow; a reticulated pattern of white flecks or blotches forming bands which are variable in number and width, usually three; a thin one at the shoulder, another larger one at the height of the maximum diameter of the shell and another broader one slightly belw the midbody; aperture is purplish brown with two white bands, one in the middle portion and another one in the upper part; inner lip white with some traces of yellow or brown near the edge; spire with white blotches, sometimes brown ones; colemella purple

Distribution : Baia de Parda, Sal Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size : 18,5 mm

Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán 2008   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán 2008   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán 2008   (Image Carlos Afonso)
Conus melissae Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán 2008   (Image Carlos Afonso)

Conus melvilli Sowerby 1879 - Melvills Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus (Chelyconus) boschi (Clover 1972)) - A junior synonym.

Distribution: Oman to Persian Gulf
Maximum size: 23 mm

Conus melvilli Sowerby 1879 (Image from Eddie Hardy's Site)
Conus melvilli Sowerby 1879...21.5 mm...Arabia (Image Schooner)

Conus (Asprella) memiae (Habe & Kosuge 1970) - Memi's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- RKK: (Habe & Kosuge 1970); Filmer: Kosuge 1970.

Distribution: Japan to Philippines and Indonesia, Solomon Is., Fiji
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus memiae (Habe & Kosuge 1970)...27 and 23mm...Lovely pair of this pastel beauty...Philippines.  (Image Schooner)
Conus memiae (Habe & Kosuge 1970)   A very dark specimen   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus memiae (Habe & Kosuge 1970)   A yellow specimen   (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus mercator Linneaus 1758 - Trader Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus reticulatus Born I. von 1778) - A synonym.

(Conus lamarckii Kiener 1845) - A synonym.

Distribution: Senegal
Maximum size: 45 mm

Conus mercator Linneaus 1758 A specimen from the Goree population (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mercator Linneaus 1758 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus mercator f. cacao Ferrario 1983 - now considered a full species by some, M. Filmer does not agree (Pers. comment, PK) See main entry. (Image Schooner)

Conus messiasi Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán 1990 - Messiah Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Boavista Island, Cape Verde
Normal size: 27 mm

Conus meyeri Walls 1979 is a subspecies of Conus biliosus Röding 1798; See there.

Conus micropunctatus Rolán & Röckel 2000 - Tiny Dot Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Angola
Normal size : 35 mm

Conus micropunctatus Rolán & Röckel 2000 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus miles Linnaeus 1758 - Soldier Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 116.7 mm

Conus miles Linneaus 1758...74 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)
Conus miles Linneaus 1758...69mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus milesi E. A. Smith 1887 (Image from Eddie Hardy's site)

Distribution: Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf
Maximum size: 27 mm

Conus miliaris Hwass 1792 - Thousand Spot Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 40 mm

Conus miliaris f. fulgetrum Sowerby 1834- Lightning Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form, with distinctive pattern.

Distribution: Indo-Pacific, Red Sea
Maximum size: 43 mm

Conus miliaris f. fulgetrum Sowerby 1834 (Image from Eddie Hardy's Site)

Conus miliaris pascuensis Rehder H.A. 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies

Distribution: Easter Island, Chile
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus miliaris pascuensis Rehder H.A. 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus miliaris pascuensis Rehder H.A. 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume 1894 - Glory of India Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- This specimen is from Mozambique: hence it is the nominative form: Conus milneedwardsi milneedwardsi Jousseaume 1894)

Species as a whole:

Distribution: Indian Ocean: Natal to Red Sea
Maximum size: 184,15 mm

Conus milneedwardsi milneedwardsi Jousseaume 1894 (Image Paul Kersten)

Nominate, (a subspecies)

Distribution: KwaZulu Natal to Red Sea (Holotype from Gulf of Aden)
Maximum size: 170 mm

See also: http://www.gastropods.com/7/Shell_1647.html - The first three photos are the nominative form, while the fourth, form "Nathalie", is the clytospira Melvill & Standen subspecies.

Conus (Cylinder) milneedwardsi clytospira (Melvill & Standen 1899) (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; often with more prominent pink background bands around the last whorl.

NOTE: This subspecies is usually confounded (ie, represented as) with the nominate form, which occurs only in E. Africa and the Red Sea. Therefore, when you see the name Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume 1894 from the Pakistan to India area, it is in reality the clytospira Melvill & Standen 1899, a subspecies.

Distribution: Pakistan - India - Sri Lanka
Maximum size: 180 mm

Conus milneedwardsi clytospira Melvill & Standen 1899...150.8 mm... India. (Image Schooner)
Conus milneedwardsi clytospira Melvill & Standen 1899...144 mm...India   (Image Schooner)
Conus milneedwardsi clytospira Melvill & Standen 1899...140.3 mm...India   (Image Schooner)
Conus milneedwardsi clytospira Melvill & Standen 1899...127 mm...India   (Image Schooner)
Conus milneedwardsi clytospira Melvill & Standen 1899 (Image from the site of Gene Mallory)

Conus milneedwardsi kawamurai Habe 1962 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Regarded as a full species (Filmer) - See there.

Conus milneedwardsi lemuriensis Wils & Delsaerdt 1989 (Image Roberto Cotta Ramusino, shell in the Eric Monnier collection)
- A subspecies; a broader last whorl and a more uniformely reticulated pattern with less numerous and larger white markings.

Distribution: Réunion, Mauritius

Conus mindanus Hwass 1792 - Bermuda Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Brazil to Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Bermuda
Maximum size: 45 mm

Conus mindanus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mindanus Hwass 1792 ...20-22 & 23 mm...Honduras    (Image Schooner)
Conus mindanus Hwass 1792...19mm...Florida    (Image Schooner)
Conus mindanus Hwass 1792...17.2 mm...Honduras   (Image Schooner)
Conus mindanus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mindanus Hwass 1792   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus mindanus agassizii Dall 1889 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; a little swollen in the middle; surface grooved except for upper part; grooves stronger below, and shouldered; spire high with curved ribblets; suture distinct; shoulder sharp with reddish brown dots; faint revolving series of brown dots and a few irregular longitudinal brown flames on the body whorl.

Distribution: Brazil
Maximum size: 45mm

Conus mindanus agassizii Dall 1889 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus mindanus agasizzii Dall 1889...35mm...Brazil (Image Schooner)

Conus mindanus f. bermudensis Clench 1962 - Bermuda Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form; a smooth shell with somewhat convex sides; shoulder angulate; incised spirals towards base; spire medium high with strongly channeled whorls and very faint short brown lines just below the suture; colour whitish with pale pink motlings; aperture pinkish.

Distribution: Bermuda, Florida USA
Maximum size: 50 mm

? Conus mindanus f. duvali Bernardi 1862 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer a form or synonym of Conus pusio Hwass 1792. This is a good possibility (Mayhew): they are quite similar.

Distribution: Possibly endemic to Brazil only
Maximum size: 25mm

? Conus mindanus f. iansa Petuch 1979 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A small form from Brazil; some authors consider it to be a valid species; see also main entry.

Distribution: Brazil
Maximum size: 16 mm

Conus iansa Petuch, 1979

Conus mindanus f. vanhyningi Rehder 1944 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form; pink rose.

Distribution : Florida USA
Maximum size : 19 mm

Conus miniexcelsus Olivera & Biggs 2010) (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 37 mm

Conus (Mamiconus) minnamurra (Garrard 1961) - Minnamurra Cone (Image Alistair Moncur)

Distribution: S.E. Australia
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus minnamurra (Garrard 1961)   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus minnamurra (Garrard 1961)   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus minnamurra (Garrard 1961)   (Image Michel Jolivet)

Conus miruchae Röckel & Rolán & Monteiro 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Sal Island, Cape Verde
Normal size: about 10 mm

Conus miruchae Röckel & Rolán & Monteiro 1980 - Close-up (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus mitratus Hwass 1792 - Miter-like Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 53 mm

Conus mitratus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mitratus Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus moluccensis Küster 1838 - Molucca Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Japan and Okinawa to Philippines and Indonesia, Queensland and Melanesia
Maximum size: 62,7 mm

Conus moluccensis Küster 1838 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

? Conus moluccensis grondini Larue 1985 (Image Eric Monnier)
- Probably a synonym - according to RKK and Filmer, although rather different and maybe more related to Conus proximus Sowerby II, 1859. Described as a valid species

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: ? mm

Conus moluccensis marielae Rehder & Wilson 1975 - Mariel's Cone (Image from Eddie Hardy's Site)
- A subspecies; last whorl sculptured with spiral ribs or ribbons; with rows of red to orange bars, spots and dashes; similar coloured axial markings below shoulder and on both sides of centre.

Distribution: Marquesas, Tuamotu, Marshall Islands
Maximum size: 45 mm

Conus moluccensis marielae Rehder & Wilson 1975 - Mariel's Cone   (Image Loïc Limpalaer)
Conus moluccensis marielae Rehder & Wilson 1975 - Mariel's Cone   (Image Eric Monnier)
Conus moluccensis marielae Rehder & Wilson 1975 - Mariel's Cone   (Image Michel Jolivet)

?? Conus moluccensis f. merleti Mayissian 1974 - Merlet's cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Doubtful form: most probably a synonym - according to RKK and Filmer. Mostly are smooth surfaced orange coloured specimens from New Caledonia, frequently offered as this form.

Distribution: W. Pacific, Réunion - Laccadives
Maximum size: 56 mm

Conus moluccensis f. stainforthii Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form with variably granulose spiral ribs; grooves between with a spiral thread; with light to dark brown rasial streaks and blotches.

Distribution: Philippines, Solomon Is., Papua New Guinea
Maximum size:

Conus moluccensis f. vappereaui Monteiro 2009 Holotype (Image Guido Poppe)
More slender than the nominate; a higher spire; very heavy sculptured body

Distribution: Tahiti
Maximum size: 51.8 mm

Conus moluccensis f. vappereaui Monteiro 2009 Paratypetype (Image Guido Poppe)

Conus monachus Linnaeus 1758 - Monastic Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indonesia to Philippines and Melanesia
Maximum size: 76 mm

Conus monachus Linnaeus 1758 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus monachus Linnaeus 1758 (Image Paul Kersten)

? Conus moncuri Filmer 2005 - Moncur's Cone (Image Mike Filmer in Off Sea and Shore)
- Possibly a form or synonym of Conus litteratus Linnaeus 1758 and as such regarded by most authors. However, the article is quite convincing (Mayhew).

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 181 mm

Conus monile Hwass 1792 - Necklace Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Indian Ocean: India and Sri Lanka to W. Thailand
Maximum size: 93 mm

Conus monile Hwass 1792...78mm...India (Image Schooner)
Conus monile Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

? Conus monilifer Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer a synonym of Conus regularis Sowerby 1833; Also, J. Tucker (Pers. Comm. (Kersten)):
However, in our opinion (Kersten), C. monilifer is not C. regularis. If anything the type of C. monilifer looks much more like C. kerstitchi types Walls 1978. Similar to kerstitchi this specimen has a carinate shoulder. Moreover it is white inside the aperture (usually brown in regularis). In fact the type of monilifer could be conspecific with C. philippii Kiener, if one assumes the type locality of Ecuador is incorrect. This specimen has to be either C. castaneus auctorum or C. kerstitchi. It may be that these two are actually the same species.

Distribution : West Mexico - Panama
Maximum size :

Conus montillai Röckel 1985 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker and Filmer: synonym of Conus boeticus Reeve 1844

Distribution: Palawan Philippines
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus montillai Röckel 1985 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus mordeirae Rolán & Trovão 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Sal Island, Cape Verde
Normal size : 20mm

Conus mordeirae Rolán & Trovão 1990...24-25 mm....C. Verde (Image Schooner)

Conus moreleti Crosse 1858 - Morelet's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: E. Africa to French Polynesia and Hawaii
Maximum size: 52.7 mm

Conus moreleti Crosse 1858...37 mm....Solomon Islands (Image Schooner)
Conus moreleti Crosse 1858 (Image Paul Kersten)

? Conus morrisoni (Raybaudi Massilia 1991) - Morrison's Cone (Image from Gene Mallory's Site )
- A valid species or possibly a form of Conus catus Hwass 1792.

Distribution: Timor Sea, W. Australia
Maximum size: 52 mm

Conus moylani Delsaerdt 2000 - Molan's Cone (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- According to Tucker: synonym of Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek 1982; it differs from Conus papuensis by its smaller size and total lack of cords on the body whorl; Conus papuensis exists only in the area of Laing, PNG whereas C. moylani exists only off Gualdalcanal Islands, The Solomons; It remains possible it is a subspecies of Conus papuensis (Pers. comment M. Filmer, PK)
- Shell moderately small, biconic, shiny; spire moderately high, outline slightly concave; shoulder angulate; sides almost straight; aperture narrow; last whorl smooth or finely and concentrically ridged; ground colour whitish nearly covered with numerous light brown spiral lines; light brown axial flames on the spire.

Conus moylani Delsaerdt 2000 (Image from Loic Limpalaer's Site)

Distribution: Solomon Islands
Maximum size: 44 mm

Conus mozambicus Hwass 1792 - Mozambique Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: South Africa
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus mozambicus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mozambicus Hwass 1792....34mm...S. Africa   (Image Schooner)
Conus mozambicus Hwass 1792   (Image Schooner)

? Conus mozambicus f. lautus Reeve 1844 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A weak form or maybe only a synonym.

Distribution: South Africa
Maximum size: 70 mm

Conus mozambicus lautus Reeve 1844...39 mm...South Africa (Image Schooner)

Conus mucronatus Reeve 1843 - Deep Grooved Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines to New Guinea, Solomon Is., Queensland Australia, and Vietnam
Maximum size: 54.40 mm

Conus mucronatus Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus mucronatus segondensis Fenzan 2008 Paratype 1 (Image Bill Fenzan)
- A subspecies, which differs from the nominate in having a stronger sculpture on the teleoconchical sutural ramps with fewer and deeper grooves, fewer and more regular spiral ribs on the body whorl and a different colour pattern

Distribution: Vanuatu
Maximum size: about 50 mm

Conus muriculatus Sowerby 1833 - A dwarf form of the Solomon Islands? (Image Paul Kersten)

- Easily confused (especially form sugillatus Reeve) with floridulus Adams & Reeve. See there for discussion.

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Madagascar, Réunion, W. Australia, Japan, New Caledonia, Fiji, French Polynesia
Maximum size: 50 mm)

Conus muriculatus f. sugillatus Reeve 1844 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A difficult form to differentiate from smaller shells. It is is usually much larger than the nominate form, and the tuberculation and pustulation is much weaker: many sugillatus are quite smooth. This form also has more brown and green pigmentation and is in general darker than muriculatus s.s..

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 62 mm

Conus muriculatus f. sugillatus Reeve 1844 (Image Paul Kersten)

- Conus mulderi Fulton 1936 is a subspecies of Conus stramineus Lamarck 1810; See there.

Conus mus Hwass 1792 - Mouse Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Very much variation in shape, usually a rather low spire with concave sides, sometimes a very low, almost flat spire; shoulder nodose, white nodes seperated by brown dashes; basic colour is a faint bluish grey with two solid bands of grey-brown, sometimes almost grey-black, separated by a white central band; body whorl with irregular vertical streaks or flames of brown.

Distribution: Caribbean
Maximum size: 55.5 mm

Conus mus Hwass 1792  (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mus Hwass 1792   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus musicus Hwass 1792 - Music Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: India to S. Japan and Fiji
Maximum size: 29 mm

Conus musicus Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus musicus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus musicus f. ceylanensis Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A colour form with variously coalescing brown to reddish-brown axial blotches or flames on the central area of the last whorl.

Distribution: Indian Ocean
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus musicus f. mighelsi Kiener 1845 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A colour form with a broad pinkish red to orange red spiral band above centre.

Distribution: E. Indian Ocean, W. Pacific
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus musivus Trovão 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Filmer regards it as a synonym ofConus bulbus Reeve 1843
(Conus tevesi Trovão 1978) - synonym of Conus musivus Kiener 1845 or a synonym of Conus alexandrinus Kaicher 1977 (Filmer)

Distribution: Angola
Maximum size: 34 mm

Conus musivus Trovão 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus musivus Trovão 1975 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus mustelinus Hwass 1792 - Weasel Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Maldives to Australia, Japan to Philippines, Fiji
Maximum size: 90,1 mm

Conus mustelinus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus mustelinus Hwass 1792...67 mm....Zanzibar (Image Schooner)

(Conus mutabilis Reeve 1844) - synonym of Conus hyaena Hwass 1792; See there.

?? Conus nahoniaraensis Da Motta 1986

is considered to be a form of Conus zebra Delsaerdt, 1992 by RKK and Filmer; other authors believe it is a valid species; for photo & More info see Conus zebra.

Conus namocanus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus badius Kiener 1847) - A junior synonym of C. namocanus Hwass, or possibly a senior synonym of Conus trigonus Reeve 1848.

Distribution: Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Transkei and to Oman
Maximum size: 99.5 mm

Conus namocanus Hwass 1792...63 mm...Zanzibar   (Image Schooner)
Conus namocanus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus namocanus Hwass 1792   A specimen with badius pattern   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus namocanus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus nanus Sowerby 1833 regarded as a synonym of Conus sponsalis Hwass 1792; see there; in the opinion of Tucker it is valid

Conus naranjus Trovão 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Angola
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus naranjus Trovão 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus natalis Sowerby 1858 - Natal Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Spire slightly concave with an almost not prominent protoconch; whorls slightly stepped, rather convex forming a straight shape; shoulder round; in most cases more pattern than Conus gilchristi Sowerby 1903; the species is highly variable in pattern and colour.

Distribution: South Africa
Maximum size: 61 mm

Conus natalis Sowerby 1858 (Image Alexander Medvedev)
Conus natalis Sowerby 1858...30 mm...S. Africa (Image Schooner)

? Conus natalis f. gilchristi Sowerby II 1903 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form of natalis Sowerby, 1857 or possibly a valid species; in most cases less patterned than natalis; with a pale pink pattern over the entire shell; Veldsman (The Strandloper 257 March 1999) regards it as a valid species.

Distribution: South Africa
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus natalis f. gilchristySowerby II 1903...46.5 mm...S.Africa (Image Schooner)

Conus navarroi Rolán 1986 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Sao Vicente Island and Santa Luzia Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size: 23 mm

Conus navarroi Rolán 1986 - A close-up (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus navarroi Rolán 1986 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Described as a subspecies; different range; larger than the nominate with more numerous and more irregular white blotches.

Distribution: Maio Island, Cape Verde
Normal size: About 25 mm

Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus neoguttatus da Motta 1991 (Image Paul Kersten)
- The real one (with periostracum)

Distribution: Angola
Maximum size: 30mm

Conus neoguttatus da Motta 1991   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus neoguttatus da Motta 1991 (  Image Carlos Afonso)
Conus neoguttatus da Motta 1991   (Image Carlos Afonso)

Conus neotorquatus da Motta 1985 - A "regional form" of Conus teramachii Kuroda 1956; See there.

Conus neptunus Reeve 1843 - Neptune Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 63 mm

Conus neptunus.Reeve 1843...60-61 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)
Conus neptunus Reeve 1843...42 mm....Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus neptunus colorvariegatus Kosuge 1981 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form without network pattern; with big brown blotches or solid brown.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 80 mm

Conus neptunus colorvariegatus Kosuge 1981 a light colored specimen (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus (Leptoconus) nielsenae (Marsh 1962) - Nielson's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: West Australia
Maximum size: 61 mm

Conus nielsenae (Marsh 1972)...42.5 mm...Australia (Image Schooner)

? Conus nielsenae f. reductaspiralis Walls 1979 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Raised to species by Coomans and Filmer 1985; considered by most other authors as a form of Conus nielsenae Marsh 1962.

Distribution: West Australia
Maximum size: 61 mm

Conus nielsenae f. reductaspiralis Walls 1979 Yellow form (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nielsenae f. reductaspiralis Walls 1979 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

? Conus nielsenae reductaspiralis thevenardensis da Motta 1987 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A valid species or possibly a subspecies of reductaspiralis Walls with a pure white shell -

Distribution: W. Australia: Thevenard Island
Maximum size: 48 mm

Conus nielsenae reductaspiralis thevenardensis da Motta 1987...37-39mm...Australia (Image Schooner)

Conus nigrescens Sowerby II 1859 - form of Conus bandanus Hwass 1792; See there.

Conus nigromaculatus Röckel & Moolenbeek 1992 - Black Spot Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Eritrea Dahlak Archipelago (Red Sea)
Maximum size: 46 mm

Conus nigromaculatus Röckel & Moolenbeek 1992 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus nigropunctatus Sowerby 1857 - Black Dot Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Some others consider it to be a form of Conus catus Hwass 1792

Distribution: Occurs often in same population as Conus catus, but in the Red Sea it is the only form known. According to Filmer a valid species.
Maximum size: 37 mm

Conus nimbosus Hwass 1792 - Stormy Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Mozambique to Vanuatu and Samoa
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus nimbosus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nimbosus Hwass 1792  A dark specimen from Vanuatu   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nimbosus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nimbosus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)

?Conus grondini Larue 1985 (Image Eric Monnier)
- Possible a form of Conus moluccensis Küster 1838; see there

(Conus nivifer Sowerby III 1833) - recently renamed as Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe 2004: See there.

(Conus nitens Lauer 1993) - synonym of Conus guanche Lauer 1993; See there.

Conus nobilis Linnaeus 1758 - Noble cone (Image Paul Kersten)
-There is a lot of confusion around this species: RKK: not in the Philippines, specimens from there are Conus cordigera Sowerby II 1866.... Da Motta 1982 extends the range to the southern Philippines; - Golden-yellow, white spotted, but without any brown necklace ornamentation; a white apex and convex sides.

Distribution: East Indian Ocean: Andaman and Nicobar Is., Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, W. Thailand, Philippines
Maximum size: 62 mm

Conus (Eugeniconus) nobilis f. friedae (da Motta) 1991 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Described as Eugeniconus friedae; a form with a fine brown network bordering white dots. Pattern with three spiral bands.

Distribution: Bay of Bengal (Sri Lanka) and possibly Indonesia
Maximum size: 53 mm

Conus nobilis renatae Cailliez 1993 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A subspecies; a relatively light to dark brown network with rather large white tents or blotches and rather few brown blotches; sparse spiral rows of alternating brown and white markings which are highly interrupted.

Distribution: Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands
Maximum size: 55 mm

Conus nobilis victor Broderip 1842 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; a bit smaller; always golden yellow; a solid brown spiral band (neclace) above and below the centre with continuous spiral rows of darker brown and white markings; in stead of the intact strands of skinneri, it has rows of individual cuneiforms not linked with each other.

Distribution: Flores Strait area
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus nobilis victor W. J. Broderip 1842...43 mm...Indonesia (Image Schooner)
Conus nobilis victor W. J. Broderip 1842...41 mm...Indonesia (Image Schooner)

Conus nobilis victor f. skinneri da Motta 1982 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour & pattern form of victor Broderip 1833 (a subspecies of Conus nobilis Linnaeus 1758); - Brown to dark brown pattern, with 3-4 spiral zones with small and regularly arranged white tents; with solid brown bands; spiral rows are comparitively continuous; a continuous necklace of 19-20 strands; aperture porcelaneous-white.

Distribution: Indonesia, and possibly SW Thailand
Maximum size: 55 mm

Conus nobrei Trovão 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Angola
Normal size: 18 mm

Conus nobrei Trovão 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nobrei Trovão 1975 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus nocturnus Lightfoot 1786 (Image Bill Fenzan)

Conus deburghiae Sowerby II 1857 a synonym (form) of Conus nocturnus

Distribution: New Guinea, Indonesia
Maximum size: 86 mm

Conus nocturnus Lightfoot 1786   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus nocturnus Lightfoot 1786   (Image António Monteiro)
Conus nocturnus Lightfoot 1786   (Image Bill Fenzan)
Conus nocturnus Lightfoot 1786   deburgiae form  (Image Michel Jolivet)

Conus nodiferus Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus jaspideus Gmelin 1791

Distribution : Caribbean: Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Maximum size : 38 mm

Conus nodulosus Sowerby II 1864 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Now considered (Kohn and Nishi and Kohn) to be valid) -ground colour white, sometimes a bit pinkish or shaded with blue; uniform pattern: last whorl with a network of fine yellow to brown lines forming very small tents, yellow to yellowish brown flecks, spots and spiral dashes arranged in 2-3 spiral rows; aperture most bright pink, sometimes white - was seen as a subspecies of Conus victoriae Reeve 1843.

Distribution: West Australia: Shark Bay to Freemantle
Maximum size: 51mm

? Conus norai da Motta & Raybaudi 1992 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A member of the "daucus complex" - if that species, it would be considered a colour form
- A valid species accoording to Filmer

Distribution: Martinique
Maximum size: 40.6 mm

Conus norai da Motta & Raybaudi 1992 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus novaehollandiae A. Adams 1854 is a subspecies of C. anemone Lamarck 1810; See there.

Conus nucleus Reeve 1848 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Madagascar - Maldives - Philippines - Marshall Islands
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus nucleus Reeve 1848 A close-up (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nucleus Reeve 1848...16.5 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus nussatella Linneaus 1758 - Nussatella Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo Pacific
Maximum size: 95 mm

Conus nussatella Linneaus 1758    (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus nussatella Linneaus 1758...50 mm...Philippines   (Image Schooner)
Conus nussatella Linnaeus 1758   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus nux Broderip 1833 - Nut Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 22 mm

Conus nux Broderip 1833...12 to 14 mm...Panama (Image Schooner)
Conus nux Broderip 1833 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus obscurus Sowerby 1833 - Obscure Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: S. and E. Africa to Hawaii and French Polynesia
Maximum size: 46.10 mm

Conus obscurus Sowerby 1833 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus ochroleucus Gmelin 1791 - Perfect Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines, Taiwan
Maximum size: 69 mm

Conus ochroleucus Gmelin 1791 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus ochroleucus tmetus Tomlin 1937 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; last whorl light to dark brown; aperture orange or yellow.

Distribution: Papua New Guinea - Fiji, Indonesia, India
Maximum size: 74 mm

Conus ochroleucus tmetus Tomlin 1937 (Image Paul Kersten) - Yellow form

Conus (Phasmoconus) ochroleucus tmetus f. pilkeyi (Petuch 1974) - Pilkey's cone (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A form of Conus tmetus Tomlin 1937 which is a subspecies of Conus ochroleucus Gmelin 1791.

Distribution: Fiji to Phillipines
Maximum size: 70 mm

Conus ochroleucus tmetus f. pilkeyi (Petuch 1974)...56 mm...Solomon Islands (Image Schooner)

Conus (Asprella) oishii (Shikama 1977) - Oishi's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Taiwan, Sumba Indonesia
Maximum size: 35 mm

Conus oishii (Shikama 1977) (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus oishii (Shikama 1977) (Image Paul Kersten)

??Conus olgae Bacallado, Espinosa, Ortea 2007 HOLOTYPE
- A species in the cardinalis-complex; Shell of small size compared to other caribic species of the Genus, biconic in shape, spire low and obtuse, sides slightly convex. Protoconch relatively small and mamillate, made by a smooth whorl, provided of a very evident nucleus. Teleoconch wit six whorls, the last with the larger width toward the shoulder, of slightly rounded shape nearly straight, narrowing softly toward the base. The surface is decorated by thin spiral lines, more marked toward the base of the shell, on which take shape small low and quite broad nodules. The surface of the spire presents wavings, that correspond with the low nodules, narrow and large at the edge of the whorl, 14 on the last, and many narrow growth axial lines. The aperture oblique is slightly wider on the front side; the ground colour is brown orange, with three spiral bands of small white spots, irregular in shape and size: one under the shoulder of the whorl, another below the mid and the last toward the end front; among them the central one is the more evident on the whole extent of the last whorl. In the spire are present white spots, in correspondence with nodules, alternating with the ground colour, forming a colour pattern very distinctive of this species.

Distribution: North West Cuba
Maximum size: 16,6 mm

??Conus olgae Bacallado, Espinosa, Ortea 2007 Paratype
??Conus olgae Bacallado, Espinosa, Ortea 2007 Paratype

?? Conus olgiatii Bozzetti 2007 HOLOTYPE (Image Luigi Bozzetti)
- Possibly a colour form of Conus balteatus Sowerby I & Sowerby II 1833
- Last whorl ventricose-conical, straight or light concave sided; angled shoulder, aperture wider to the base; surface of the last whorl with spiral cords; thick axial grow stripings, uniform yellow color, tubercules white, aperture white; protoconch purple; the first whorls of the teleoconch vanish in abical direction from lilac to white becoming yellow on the last whorl; clear brown periostracum

Distribution: South Madagascar
Maximum size: 36,35 mm

Conus olgiatii Bozzetti 2007 Paratype 2 (Image Luigi Bozzetti)
Conus olgiatii Bozzetti 2007 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus omaria Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indian Ocean, Philippines
Maximum size: 86 mm

Conus omaria Hwass 1792  This is the so called convolutus form, Comores Islands    (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus omaria Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus omaria Hwass 1792  Extreme patterns   (Image Paul Kersten)

? Conus omaria f. magoides Melvill 1900 (Image from Eddy Hardy's Site)
- A disputed form from the Indian Ocean with a convex apex.

Distribution: Seychelles
Maximum size: 66 mm

Conus omaria f. patonganus da Motta 1982 (Image Paul Kersten)
- An interesting form from Thailand; smooth and glossy shell; subcylindrical turbinated; apex rose tinted; shoulder weakly carinated; ground colour is deeply rosaceus; fainted when not fresh; last whorl with maroon-brown blotches forming to vague circular bands; inside continuous linear rows articulated with minute pink spots; attached to the blotches are smaller patches of little round spots; these concentrations also form a radial pattern of patches on the spire; aperture deep yellow inside.

Distribution: S.W. Thailand
Maximum size: 54 mm

? Conus omaria f. sindon Reeve 1844 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site - anyone have a larger one?)
- Disputed. An extremely dark variant of Conus pennaceus or Conus omaria (take your pick!) with closely spaced axially lines.

Distribution: W. Pacific
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus omaria f. viperinus Lauer 1986 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A yellowish to orangish brown colour form.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 60 mm

??(Conus optabilis Adams 1854) (Image (holotype) from Gene Mallory's Site - for curiosity's sake: Adams certainly wasn't fussy about what he used for holotype material!!! Specimen is 22mm, and is from Venezuela)
- Incertae cedis (The formal term for "uncertain status" - ie, nobody knows where it belongs, usually due to poor or lost holotype material) Possibly a synonym of Conus sennottorum Rehder & Abbott 1951 or Conus philippii Kiener 1845 acc. to Tucker

Conus optimus Sowerby III, 1913 - A form of Conus exiguus Lamarck 1810; See there.

Conus orbignyi Audouin 1831 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Last whorl narrowly conical or narrowly conoid-cylindrical.

Distribution: Japan to Philippines Queensland
Maximum size: 86.4 mm

Conus orbignyi Audouin 1831...57.5 mm...Japan   (Image Schooner)
Conus orbignyi Audouin 1831...56 mm...Philippines   (Image Schooner)
Conus orbignyi Audouin 1831...43 mm...Philippines   (Image Schooner)

Conus orbignyi coriolisi Moolenbeek & Richard 1995 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A subspecies; pattern reduced to 3 interrupted brown bands; last whorl conical or narrowly conical; aperture white.

Distribution: New Caledonia and Coral Sea
Maximum size: about 50 mm

Conus orbignyi elokismenos Kilburn 1975 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; less heavily scupltured; spots of band variably fused into axial streaks.

Distribution: Natal - Madagascar and Réunion
Maximum size: 68 mm

Conus orbignyi elokismenos Kilburn 1975...55 mm...Africa (Image Schooner)

Conus orion Broderip 1833 - Orion Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 41 mm

Conus orion Broderip 1833 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus orion Broderip 1833 (Image Schooner)

? Conus (Purpuriconus) ortneri (Petuch 1998) (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A form of Conus cardinalis Hwass 1792; A shell with a high glossy polish; body whorl with 6-8 evenly spaced spiral grooves; shoulder slightly rounded rounded with 16 knobs; deep orange-red or bright orange colour; spire whorls orange red, knobs paler orange; protoconch and early whorls deep red; aperture rose-pink.

Distribution: Bahamas
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus (Endemoconus) otohimeae Kuroda & Ito 1961 - Otohime's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Japan & Philippines
Maximum size: 32 mm

Conus (Endemoconus) otohimeae Kuroda & Ito 1961 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus otohimeae f. rogmartini Da Motta 1982 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A pustulated form.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 40 mm

Conus otohimeae f. rogmartini da Motta 1982 (Image from Eddy Hardy's Site)

Conus pacei Petuch 1987 (Image Alan Kohn)
- A very elongated, pure white shell and with a comparitively high spire; related to Conus mazei Pilsbry, Conus rainesae McGinty and Conus mcgintyi Pilsbry;

Distribution: Caribbean: Bahamas
Maximum size: 20 mm

Conus pacificus Röckel & Moolenbeek 1996 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Distribution: New Caledonia
Maximum size: 20 mm

Conus pacificus Röckel & Moolenbeek 1996 PARATYPE (Image Bill Fenzan)

Conus pagodus Kiener 1845 - Pagoda Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Japan to Philippines New Caledonia
Maximum size: 40 mm

Conus pagodus Kiener 1845...34 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)
Conus pagodus Kiener 1845...31 mm....Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus (Lilliconus) papalis (Weinkauff 1875) (Image from Schriften zur Malakozoologie)
- According to Tucker not a cone
- More slender than other Lilliconus, with a taller spire and distinct nodules on the teleoconch whorls and the shoulder and body whorl; ground colour yellowish to brownish.

Distribution: Philippines Indonesia
Maximum size: 9 mm

? Conus papilliferus Sowerby 1834 - Papilla Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- By some authors considered as a form of anemone Lamarck 1810.

Distribution: Eastern Australia
Maximum size: 45 mm

Conus papilliferus Sowerby 1834 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek 1982 HOLOTYPE (Image Bill Fenzan)

Distribution: E. Papua New Guinea
Maximum size: 19 mm

Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek 1982   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek 1982   (Image from Gene Mallory's site)
Conus papuensis Coomans & Moolenbeek 1982   (Image Alexander Medvedev)

? Conus paraguana Petuch 1987 Holotype (Image Alan Kohn)
- Described as a valid species, regarded by many as a form of Conus flavescens Sowerby 1834; According to Filmer it could be valid; - According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus cingulatus Lamarck 1810: a highly polished shell with bands composed of rows of dots; white mid-body band with two lines of tiny dots; spire whorls heavily marked with numerous, large, yellow-tan flammules, aperture white.

Distribution: Caribbean: Venezuela
Maximum size: 18 mm

Conus parascalaris Petuch 1987 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek 1979
- A thin, fragile shell, elongated, spire elevated, protracted, scalariform; shoulder sharply angled; body whorl smooth, polished; color white with closely packed thin, vertical, pale tan flammules; spire with scattered tan flammules; aperture white -

Distribution: Caribbean: Venezuela
Maximum size: 23 mm

Conus parius Reeve 1844 - Parian Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Vanuatu
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus parius Reeve 1844  Pattern form from the Solomon Islands  (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus parius Reeve 1844...50 mm...Solomon Islands   (Image Schooner)
Conus parius Reeve 1844...37 mm...Philippines   (Image Schooner)
Conus parius Reeve 1844   (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus parvatus Walls 1979 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Described as a subspecies of Conus musicus Hwass 1792

Distribution: Red Sea, S. Africa, W. Thailand
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus parvatus Walls 1979 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus parvatus Walls 1979 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus parvatus f. sharmiensis Wils, E. 1986 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Maximum size: 20 mm

Conus parvulus Link 1807 - A form of Conus biliosis Link 1807; See there; - According to Tucker: a subspecies of Conus biliosus

Conus paschalli Petuch 1998 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Another confusing (but not disputed) species; specimens usually sold as Conus paschalli Petuch are not conformable to the holotype (below) but this holotype was found dead (Pers. Comm. from Petuch to Bruno Besse, PK); a glossy shell with dark brown dots, blotches, flammules on a bluish grey background; shoulder sharply-angled; body whorl with convex sides; aperture white.

Distribution: Nicaragua and Honduras
Maximum size: 27 mm

Conus paschalli Petuch 1998 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus paschalli Petuch 1998 - *Holotype*. (Image courtesy Carnegie Museum of Natural History CMNH, sent to J. Tucker)

Conus patae Abbott 1971 - Pat's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Body whorl not as smooth as in binghamae and different colour pattern.

Distribution: Caribbean: Florida, Jamaica and Martinique (Pers. Comm. Bruno Besse, PK)
Maximum size: 32 mm

Conus patae Abbott 1971   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus patae Abbott 1971   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus patae Abbott 1971   (Image Andre Poremski)

Conus patae binghamae Petuch 1987 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Described as a full species: small, thin shell with a low spire; early whorls protracted; body whorl shiny sculptured with fine spiral cords which become stronger and larger around anterior one-third of the body whorl; shoulder sharply angled; aperture narrow shell color & pattern darkly-coloured anterior one-third and mid-body band of large flammules; color from red to orange, yellow, pink and bluish-purple; spire whorls with numerous flammules; aperture in holotype dark red-orange; protoconch always bright yellow.

Distribution: E. Florida
Maximum size:19 mm

Conus patamakanthini Delsaerdt 1997 (Image Somwang Patamakanthin)
- Regarded valid by Filmer; Considered by some (Tucker) to be a subspecies of Conus australis Holten 1802; last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical; shoulder angulate; elongated last whorl encircled with about 40 flat ribbons on which brown axial short streaks; pattern overlaid with irregular, brown blotches arranged in 2 broad, interrupted spiral bands, a smaller band around the shoulder; pattern of the spire axially veined.

Distribution: Thailand
Maximum size: 89 mm

?? Conus patens Sowerby 1903 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Could be a deep water form or a regional form of Conus gradatulus Weinkauff 1875; - According to Tucker: a subspecies of Conus gradatulus; Filmer concurs

Distribution: S.W. Africa
Maximum size: 70 mm

Conus patricius Hinds 1843 - Pear Shaped Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 150 mm

Conus patricius Hinds 1843 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

? Conus paulae Petuch 1988 - Paula's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus philippii garciai Da Motta 1982
- Filmer regards it as valid
- Could be a form of Conus senottorum Rehder & Abbott 1951; Shell elongated turbinate with sharp-angled shoulder; spire protacted, not scalariform; shell widest at mid-body tapering toward anterior end; posterior of body whorl smooth, polished; anterior sculptured with deeply-impressed spiral sulci; aperture narrow; shell colour pale yellow-white with large vertical patches of yellow-orange and orangish-tan; mid-body with wide band of white blotches separated by brown zig-zag flammules; base color & pattern overlaid with numerous spiral rows of elongated brown dashes; anterior tip pale yellow; spire whorls yellow-orange with scattered tan flammules; protoconch and early whorls dark brown; aperture pale yellow white.

Distribution: Colombia; Venezuela
Maximum size: 34 mm

? Conus paulae Petuch 1988 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus paulucciae Sowerby III 1877 is a subspecies of Conus aureus Hwass 1792; See there;

Conus pauperculus Sowerby I 1834 (Image from Eddie Hardy's site)

Distribution: Japan
Maximum size: 40 mm

Conus pauperculus Sowerby I 1834 (Image Paul Kersten)
There is one other image purporting to be this species on the web, here, but I am uncertain that it is the same species - opinions, anyone? Phil Crandall (pers. comment: it definitely is not C. pauperculus. The Japanese name with the photo call it the "lipstick cone-shell." That is the correct Japanese name for C. pauperculus, but not for this shell.

Conus pealii Green 1830 (Image Paul Kersten)
- synonym of Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791 or a valid species according to Filmer

(Conus peasei Brazier 1877) - synonym of Conus flavidus Lamarck 1810

Distribution: Florida
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus peli Moolenbeek 1996 HOLOTYPE (Image Bill Fenzan)
- Shell broadly conical, thin and glossy; spire a little stepped, straight with whorls slightly concave; shoulder angulated; body whorl straight to a little convex, with very fine undulating growth lines; basal part with undistinct spirals; apex colour: axial brown with whitish markings; just below the shoulder a fine white spiral band; body whorl chestnut brown; aperture white with about 25 dark brown spirals, with a light band just below the middle .

Distribution: Oman
Maximum size: 85 mm

Conus peli Moolenbeek 1996  PARATYPE  (Image Bill Fenzan)
Conus peli Moolenbeek 1996   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus peli Moolenbeek 1996   (Image Piet van Pel)

Conus penchaszadehi Petuch 1986 * Holotype*
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus ermineus Born 1778
- Description: an elongate shell, thin, fragile; spire elevated; body whorl shiny, totally covered with numerous fine spiral threads becoming coarser at anterior end; shell pinkish-white with a few orange flammules; orange band around body whorl; spire white with orange flammules; aperture pale salmon-pink; protoconch and early body whorls bright orange.

Distribution: Colombia; Venezuela
Maximum size: 39 mm

Conus penchaszadehi Petuch 1986 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus penchaszadehi Petuch 1986 (Image Alexander Medvedev)

Conus pennaceus Born 1778 - Feathered Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- An astoundingly variable species, with a large number of forms, both described and yet undescribed.

NOTE: For a wonderful gallery of forms and variants, see Andre Fontaine's intreaguing site: http://andrefontaine83.free.fr/Conus%20pennaceus.htm - I can't say I agree with his designations 100% (Mayhew), but with a species this variable, this is not unexpected!!

Distribution: Indian Ocean and Hawaii
Maximum size: 85 mm

Conus pennaceus Born, 1778 A pattern form from Hawaii, sometimes called stellatus (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus pennaceus f. bazarutensis Fernandez & Monteiro 1988 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form; last whorl ventricosely conical with a rather fine and sometimes reduced pattern of brown to blackish lines; background is greyish blue to greyish violet.

Distribution: Bazaruta Island Mozambique
Maximum size: 58 mm

Conus pennaceus f. bazarutensis Fernandez & Monteiro 1988 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus pennaceus f. behelokensis Lauer 1989 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form with a mixed pattern of blotches and tents in olive, yellow, brown or orange; last whorl ventricosely conical or less common conoid-cylindrical.

Distribution: Madagascar
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus pennaceus f. behelokensis Lauer 1989   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus pennaceus f. behelokensis Lauer 1989...53 mm...Madagascar   (Image Schooner)
Conus pennaceus f. behelokensis Lauer 1989...50mm...Mozambique   (Image Schooner)

Conus pennaceus f. colubrinus Lamarck 1810 Holotype

- A form of Conus pennaceus Born, 1778. Narrower than most specimens of the species, and has a finely-tented pattern.

Distribution: SW Indian Ocean
Maximum size:

Conus pennaceus f. colubrinus Lamarck 1810 (Image from Andre Fontaine's Site; see under main entries for pennaceus and textile for further info)

Conus pennaceus f. corbieri Blöcher 1974 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Described as a subspecies; a colour form with a reduced pattern with blotches and thin lined irregular tents, background white or whitish orange; last whorl conoid cylindrical.

Distribution: Madagascar
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pennaceus corbieri Blöcher 1974 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus pennaceus f. elisae Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A dark brown to blackish colour form; often with a body band with irregular tents: last whorl ventricosely conical. Similar coloured specimens from Hawaii produced normal patterned pennaceus juveniles and juveniles of this form.

Distribution: Mozambique
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pennacus f. elisae Kiener 1845...56mm...Mozambique (Image Schooner)

Conus pennaceus f. episcopus Hwass 1792 - Episcopal Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form from Mauritius and St. Brandon with a conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical last whorl.

Distribution: Mauritius, St. Brandon
Maximum size: 100 mm

Conus pennaceus ? ganensis Delsaerdt 1988 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Described as a subspecies; valid (personal comm. Gabriella Raybaudi Massilia); A form from the Maldives with characteristic low spire, an angulate shoulder and a conical last whorl; brown tints.

Distribution: Gan Is., Maldives and Laccadives Indian Ocean
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pennaceus ? ganensis Delsaerdt 1988 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

See also Eddie Hardy's site: http://www.gastropods.com/3/Shell_5373.html

Conus pennaceus f. lohri Kilburn 1972 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A unicolour morph although the last whorl may have a broad spiral band; colours: orangish brown, brown to greyish violet; aperture is blue to pale violet; on the edge a violet band.

Distribution: Natal to Mozambique; E. Africa
Maximum size: 80 mm

Conus pennaceus f. lohri Kilburn 1972 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus pennaceus f. lohri Kilburn 1972 (Image Paul Kersten)

Three more pix: See Eddie Hardy's site: http://www.gastropods.com/6/Shell_5366.html

Conus pennaceus f. marmoricolor Melvill 1900 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A form with a ventricosely conical to conical last whorl; low spire; regular dark reddish brown tents.

Distribution: Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea, Indonesia
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pennaceus f. marmoricolor Melvill 1900 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus pennaceus f. marmoricolor Melvill 1900...62.5 mm...(Image Schooner)

Conus pennaceus f. praelatus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form from the SW Indian Ocean with blotches and fine lined tents; black or orange with blueish tents; last whorl elongated ventricosely conical.

Distribution: Mozambique - Madagascar, E. Indies
Maximum size: 70 mm

Conus pennaceus f. praelatus Hwass 1792...57.5 mm...Mozambique (Image Schooner)
Conus pennaceus f. praelatus Hwass 1792...51 mm...Mozambique (Image Schooner)
Conus pennaceus f. praelatus Hwass 1792...46 mm...Mozambique nbsp; (Image Schooner)

Conus pennaceus f. quasimagnificus da Motta 1982 (Paul Kersten)
- A form from the Red Sea with most often regular brown tents; angulate shoulder.

Distribution: Red Sea to Oman
Maximum size: 69 mm

Conus pennaceus f. quasimagnificus da Motta 1982   (Paul Kersten)
Conus pennaceus f. quasimagnificus da Motta 1982...51 mm...Persian Gulf   (Image Schooner)
Conus pennaceus f. quasimagnificus da Motta 1892...48 mm...Egypt   (Image Schooner)

Conus pennaceus f. racemosus Sowerby 1874 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- A form from Hawaii.

Distribution: Hawaii
Maximum size: 50 mm

See also Eddy Hardy's site: http://www.gastropods.com/4/Shell_8144.html

Conus pennaceus f. rubiginosus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form from Mauritius which is usually conid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical; yellow (subfossile?), orange to reddish brown; axially lineate pattern of larger tents arranged in axial bands or forming axial blotches.

Distribution: Mauritius
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pennaceus f. rubiginosus Hwass 1792   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus pennaceus f. rubiginosus Hwass 1792    (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus pennaceus f. rubiginosus Hwass 1792   (Image from Eddie Hardy's Site)

Conus pennaceus f. rubropennatus da Motta 1982 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form from Réunion with a ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical last whorl; ground colour red to reddish violet in a regular arrangement of (very) small tents.

Distribution: Réunion
Maximum size: 56.5 mm

Conus pennaceus f. rubropennatus da Motta 1982 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus pennaceus f. tsara Blöcher 2000 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour form with a brown body whorl and sparsely blue tents; last whorl often bold ventricosely conical to conoid-cylindrical.

Distribution: Madagascar
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pennaceus f. tsara Blöcher 2000 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site. Same image appears on gastropods.com)

Conus pennaceus f. vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher 2001 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A uniform brown colour morph sometimes with a few small white blotches around the spire; last whorl ventricosely conical.

Distribution: Madagascar
Maximum size: 55 mm

Conus pennaceus f. vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher 2001 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus pepeiu Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet 2008 HOLOTYPE
- Last whorl conical to a little pyriform; shoulder broadly carinate; spire moderately high, slightly stepped; outline straight, adipically more concave; body whorl with about 20-24 grooves; ground colour white with fine brown spots on the spire; body whorl with 7-8 spiral lines of fine dark brown spots, on the central part some irregular salmon coloured blotches; base white

Distribution: Marquesas Archipelago
Normal size: Holotype 14,9 mm

Conus (Embrikena) pergrandis (Iredale 1937) - Grand Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Taiwan, Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Queensland Australia
Maximum size: 173 mm

Conus pergrandis (Iredale 1937)...101 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus peronianus Iredale 1931 - form of Conus anemone Lamarck 1810; See there.

Conus perplexus Sowerby 1857 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: W. Central America
Maximum size: 38 mm

Conus perplexus Sowerby 1857 (Image Paul Kersten)

?? Conus perprotractus Petuch 1987 (Image Alan Kohn)
- Described as a valid species, according to Filmer a form or synonym of Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek 1979; - According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus villepinii Fischer & Bernardi 1857
shell very elongated, tapering to a narrow anterior canal; spire low, flattened; sharp-angled shoulder; body whorl smooth, polished, with numerous faint striations around anterior end; spire whorls with 2 large spiral threads; colour white with a complex pattern comprising 2 thick orange-tan bands, mid body marked with a pure white band; anterior tip of the shell lavender purple; spire whorls with orange flammules; aperture white.

Distribution: Venezuela
Maximum size: 46 mm

Conus pertusus Hwass 1792 - Pertusus Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 63.8 mm

Conus pertusus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

?? Conus petergabrieli Lorenz 2006 (Image Philippe Quiquandon)
- According to Filmer and others a synonym of Conus dolium Boivin, 1864, a synonym of Conus spectrum Linnaeus, 1758
Body whorl ventricosely bulbous with a convex outline; shoulder is rounded; spire with 9 postnuclear whorls; protoconch of 1,5 whorls subsutural ramp is smooth, sutural ramp is slightly convex; with distinct spiral grooves; body whorl is smooth and glossy; in the anterior half there are variably spaced spiral grooves with flat ribbons inbetween graduately becoming ridge-like, denser and stronger towards the anterior end; aperture is wide becoming wider in the anterior half; body whorl very thick; ground color of body whorl and aperture is white; protoconch is also white; the first three teleoconch whorls are orange; body whorl has evenly spaced, very fine transverse rows of tiny brown dots; vivid orange dashes on the body whorl' forming two bands, leaving tentmark-like areas of white above them; these dashes continue as spiral markings on the sutural ramps of the spire

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: mm

?? Conus petergabrieli Lorenz 2006 (Image Paul Kersten)
?? Conus petergabrieli Lorenz 2006 (Image Philippe Quiquandon)

Conus pfluegeri Petuch Holotype (Image reproduced Courtesy of the PRI; Catalogue Number of Type: 308069; www.amnh.org)

- A synonym of Conus jaspideus Gmelin 1791: See there
biconic, slightly pyriform with high protracted spire, shoulder sharply angled, body whorl glossy, anterior half of bodywhorl sculptures with 10-12 large, deeply impressed spiral sulci, posterior half of body whorl smooth, shell color typically purple or purplish-brown, base color overlaid with 20-22 spiral rows of closely packed, alternating brown and white dots; edge od shoulder carina marked with large, evenly spaced dark brown spots; spire whorls same color as base color, marked with scattered widely spaced pale brown flammules; interior of aperture pale lavender; protoconch smooth composed of 2 whorls, lavender color.

Distribution: Florida, USA
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus pfluegeri Petuch Paratype (Image reproduced Courtesy of the PRI: Catalogue Number of Type: 308070 )
Conus pfluegeri Petuch (Image Paul Kersten)

?? Conus philippii Kiener 1845 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Regarded by Filmer and J. Tucker (Pers. Comm. (Kersten)) as a valid species. Regarded by others as a form of anabathrum Crosse

Distribution: Florida - Panama
Maximum size: 52 mm

? Conus philippii f. ?ernesti Petuch 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer and J. Tucker (Pers. Comm. (Kersten)) a form of Conus philippii Kiener 1845.; Shell slender, tapering rapidly towards anterior tip; shoulder wide sharply angled; spire high elevated, scalariform; shell smooth, polished with deeply impressed sulci aperture straight, narrow; shell colour white with 12-20 rows of small brown dots and dashes; rows often aligned to form large vertical flammules; dotted pattern overlaid with lighter brown patches; clear band with only one or two rows of dots around mid-body ; anterior tip of shell white; spire whorls with flammules; early whorls brown; aperture white.

Distribution: Panama
Maximum size: 31 mm

Conus philippii f. ernesti Petuch 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

(Conus phlogopus Tomlin 1937) - synonym of Conus lorenzianus Dillwyn 1817 a form of Conus spurius Gmelin 1791; See there.

Conus phuketensis da Motta 1978 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus lynceus Sowerby II 1858
(Conus pretiosus Nevill & Nevill 1874) is a nomen oblitum: Conus phuketensis da Motta 1978 should take precedence (nomen protectum) according to Filmer.

Distribution: S.E. India to W. Thailand
Maximum size: 91 mm

Conus phuketensis da Motta 1978...74 mm...India (Image Schooner)
Conus phuketensis da Motta 1978...56 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus pictus Reeve 1843 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: South Africa
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus pictus Reeve 1843 Bright yellow form (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus pictus transkeiensis Korn 1998 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies.

Distribution: South Africa
Maximum size: 40 mm

and for three more examples: Eddie Hardy's site: http://www.gastropods.com/7/Shell_14037.html

Conus pineaui Pin & Tack 1989 (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: a synonym (juvenile) of Conus ermineus Born 1778

Distribution: Senegal
Normal size : About 35 mm

Conus pineaui Pin & Tack 1989 (Image Paul Kersten)

See also, for three variations: http://www.gastropods.com/0/Shell_5410.html

Conus pineaui Pin & Tack 1989 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus planorbis Born 1778 - Planorbis Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 65 mm

(Conus vulpinus Hwass 1792) --- A synonym; later recognised as such, by Hwass himself (a very rare admission at the time - folks back then believed (as many do still....) that each species was created "as is" by God about 6000 years ago, hence they reasoned that the variability for a given species would be rather small. Thus, when a specimen which we would readily regard as a variant of an already described species came along, which was even moderately different from the nominative form, they usually unhesitatingly described it as a separate species. (This was also the reason why some could regard people of the negroid and other "forms" (none of them rate subspecies status, genetically speaking, it should be noted!!) as being not really, or "not quite" human, but essentially representatives of a different species - therefore they could be enslaved or otherwise discriminated against with a clear conscience!!

Also, check out: http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&safe=off&q=Conus+planorbis&btnG=Search - This shows the enormous variation in this common species rather well, although the forms are not always differentiated.

Conus planorbis Born 1778   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus planorbis Born 1778 - A white specimen   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus planorbis Born 1778   (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus planorbis f. vitulinus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A colour & pattern form; last whorl with a broad tan to dark brown band on each side of the centre, either solid or reduced and split into axial streaks and flames, these intervening ground-colour bands and the latter spiral bands vary in width and are sparsely to heavily interspersed with dark brown, axial markings.

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 80.7 mm

Conus planorbis f. vitulinus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus planorbis f. vitulinus Hwass 1792 Orange pattern (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus plinthis Richard & Moolenbeek 1988 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: New Caledonia region
Maximum size : 61 mm

Conus plinthis Richard & Moolenbeek 1988 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus polongimarumai Kosuge 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines, Marshall Is., New Caledonia, W. Thailand
Maximum size: 23 mm

Conus polongimarumai Kosuge 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus polongimarumai Kosuge 1980...15 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus poormani Berry 1960 - Poorman's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus poormani Berry 1968 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

(Conus poppei Elsen 1983 - Poppe's Cone) - A synonym of Conus crotchii Reeve 1849; See there.

Conus portobeloensis Petuch 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus sanderi Wils & Moolenbeek 1979
- According to Filmer: a synonym of Conus norai da Motta & G. Raybaudi, 1992
- An elongated shell with a colour pattern of orange-tan flammules on white and dots; a sharply angled shoulder; spire whorls smooth; anterior end of the body whorl yellow-orange; spire white with scattered fammules of dark orange-tan; mid body with a clear white band; aperture white.

Distribution: Caribbean: Panama
Maximum size: 31 mm

Conus poulosi Petuch 1992 - Holotype (Image courtesy Alan Kohn)
- A valid species or possibly a form or a synonym (Tucker) of Conus daucus Hwass 1792 (ie, it is in the notorious "daucus complex"); Shell very elongated, slender, swollen at shoulder, tapering towards anterior end; shoulder angled; spire flattened; body whorl polished, sculptured with numerous very fine, weak spiral threads; colour body whorl orange with paler orange longitudinal streaks; large white patches at shoulder; anterior tip of the shell paler orange; spire white with scattered brown flammules; protoconch and earliest whorls light brown; aperture pale orange-white.

Distribution: Cabo de la Vela, Caribbean Colombia
Maximum size: 50 mm

Conus praecellens A. Adams 1854 - Admirable Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus sowerbii Reeve 1849) - synonym, despite much confusion still, in the conchological community at large.
(Conus subaequalis Sowerby III 1870) - synonym.

Distribution: Japan to Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is., New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Madagascar, Réunion, Somalia, India and W. Thailand
Maximum size: 55.5 mm

(Conus praecellens f. subaequalis Sowerby 1870) (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Regarded as a weak, sympatric form at best - sometimes specimens with a more tan coloured pattern are sold as such.

Conus praecellens A. Adams 1854 (Image Paul Kersten)
This is what is sold as the subaequalis form

(Conus pretiosus Nevill & Nevill 1874) - pretiosus is a nomen oblitum: Conus phuketensis da Motta 1978 should take precedence (nomen protectum) according to Filmer - See there.

Conus primus Röckel & Korn 1990 (Image Felix Lorenz)

Distribution: Banka Saya de Malha, Indian Ocean
Maximum size: 103 mm

Conus primus Röckel & Korn 1990dorsum - Photos courtesy of Marla L. Coppolino, Scientific Assistant, American Museum of Natural History. (Photos taken by Jay Biederman)
Conus primus Röckel & Korn 1990
(Image from Gene Mallory's Site. Same image is on Eddy Hardy's site.)

Conus princeps Linnaeus 1758 - Prince Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Gulf of California
Maximum size: 130 mm

Conus princeps Linnaeus 1758 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus princeps f. apogrammatus Dall 1910 - Orange Prince Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A pattern form without any longitudinal stripes.

Distribution: Gulf of California
Maximum size: 130 mm

For two or three more images, see: http://www.gastropods.com/9/Shell_3979.html

Conus princeps f. lineolatus Valenciennes 1832 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A pattern form with very thin longitudinal lines.

Distribution: Gulf of California Mexico - Ecuador
Maximum size: 65 mm

Conus princeps f. lineolatus Valenciennes 1832...52mm...Panama (Image Schooner)

Conus (Profundiconus) profundorum (Kuroda 1956) (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus smirna Bartsch & Rehder 1943

Distribution: Japan, Philippines, New Caledonia
Maximum size: 114 mm

Conus (Profundiconus) profundorum (Kuroda 1956) (Image Michel Jolivet)

(Conus proteus Hwass 1792) - synonym of Conus spurius Gmelin 1791.

Conus proximus Sowerby II 1859 - Proximas Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines to Fiji Islands
Maximum size: 45 mm

Conus proximus Sowerby II 1859 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus proximus Sowerby II 1859 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

?? Conus proximus cebuensis Wils 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Described as a subspecies; according to Filmer a form; according to Delsaerdt this a full species; colour pattern more irregular orangish to orangish brown; body whorl smooth; (in RKK: "heavily sculptured shells" ? Delsaerdt: misidentification and incorrect conclusion!).

Distribution: Cebu Philippines
Maximum size: 40 mm

Conus proximus cebuensis Wils 1990 (Image from Paul Kersten)
Conus proximus cebuensis Wils 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus pseudaurantius Vink & von Cosel 1985 - False Golden Cone (Paul Kersten)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus cedonulli Linnaeus 1767

Distribution: Lesser Antilles, St. Vincent & The Grenadines
Maximum size : 41 mm

For several more images, see Eddy Hardy's site: http://www.gastropods.com/5/Shell_8525.html

Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet 2008 HOLOTYPE
- According to Filmer a valid species or a synonym (form) of Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758
- Last whorl broadly conical; spire low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly concave; body whorls straight, only the upper part slightly convex; on the edge of the shoulder of the body whorl 14 nodules; on the lower part of the body whorl numerous hardly visible fine spiral grooving; Ground color of the body whorl greyish with numerous spiral color bands, these bands concists of very fine brown spots; some dark brown blotches irregularly disposed, especially on the ventral side; base dark brown; aperture white except the base which is chocolat brown

Distribution: Marquesas Archipelago

Maximum size : 46,5 mm

Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet 2008 (Bill Fenzan)
Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet 2008 (Bill Fenzan)

? Conus pseudocardinalis Coltro 2004 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Status disputed by some; - According to Filmer valid; According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus cardinalis Hwass 1792
- spire almost flat to medium high; spire irregular, almost smooth with a low suture between the whorls; shoulder irregular to smooth; body whorl slightly cylindrical covered by spiral ridges; apex pink; body colour from dark green to reddish-brown, with irregular white and brown spiral band; top white with irregular white markings; aperture deep purple.

Distribution: Brazil
Maximum size : 24 mm

? Conus pseudocardinalis Coltro 2004   (Image André Poremski)
? Conus pseudocardinalis Coltro 2004   (Image André Poremski)
? Conus pseudocardinalis Coltro 2004   (Image André Poremski)

Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro 1980 - False Cuneolus Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Sal Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro 1980 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro 1980 (Image from Femorale Site)

Conus pseudokimioi da Motta & Martin 1982 - False Kimioi Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size 27 mm

Conus pseudokimioi da Motta & Martin 1982...25 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe 2004 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Recently renamed; before considered as Conus nivifer "Broderip, W.J." Sowerby, G.B. I in G.B. II Sowerby, 1833, - a form of Conus venulatus Hwass 1792; Filmer: valid or a synonym (colour form) of Conus trochulus Reeve 1844

Distribution : Boavista Island, Maio Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size : 50 mm

Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro Tenorio & Poppe 2004 Specimen from the Maio population (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus (Asprella) pseudorbignyi (Röckel & Lan 1981) - False Orbigny Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Taiwan, Philippines, Sulawesi Indonesia
Maximum size 27 mm

Conus (Asprella) pseudorbignyi (Röckel & Lan 1981) (Image Paul Kersten)

For a very contrasting specimen, see the second photo on Eddy Hardy's site: http://www.gastropods.com/4/Shell_5074.html

Conus pulcher Lightfoot 1786 - Butterfly Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus pulcher conakryensis Rossum, van, 1997) - nomen nudum

(Conus pulcher papilionaceus Hwass 1792) - Synonym: description perhaps based on juvenile specimens of pulcher Lightfoot.

(Conus pulcher prometheus Lightfoot 1786) - A synonym, or very weak, sympatric form at best.

Distribution: Northern Senegal to Angola, and Sao Tomé and Principe.
Maximum size: 230 mm

Conus pulcher byssinus Röding 1798 - Lesser Buterfly Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; much smaller and more brightly patterned.

Distribution: - north of Senegal (more typical Mauritania) to Western Sahara
Maximum size: 60 mm

Conus pulcher byssinus Röding 1798...55mm...Morroco   (Image Schooner)
Conus pulcher byssinus Röding 1798...50-54 mm...Morocco  (Image Schooner)
Conus pulcher byssinus Röding 1798...49 mm....Mauritania   (Image Schooner)
Conus pulcher byssinus Röding 1798  (Image from Femorale Site)

Conus pulcher siamensis Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies; darker coloured than byssinus and a bit more irregular patterned -

Distribution: Canary Islands and Madeira
Maximum size: 180 mm

Conus pulcher siamensis Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus pulcher siamensis Hwass 1792 ...94 mm...Canary Islands (Image Schooner)

Conus pulicarius Hwass 1792 - Flea Bit cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 75 mm

Conus pulicarius Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus pulicarius vautieri Kiener 1845 - Vautier's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies with a brownish grey ground colour and reddish brown pattern; bands around last whorl underlaid with reddish brown; aperture white.

Distribution: Marquesas
Maximum size: 74 mm

Conus pulicarius vautieri Kiener 1845 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus puncticulatus Hwass 1792 - Pinpoint Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- Sharply pointed apex; a carinate shoulder; bluish violet background and often a brown pattern; last whorl ovate; anterior end distinctly twisted.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela
Maximum size: 27mm

Conus puncticulatus Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus puncticulatus Hwass 1792 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus puncticulatus cardonensis Vink D.L.N. 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A subspecies with brown dots on a bluish grey background.

Distribution: Venezuela, Colombia
Maximum size: 30 mm

Conus puncticulatus cardonensis Vink D.L.N. 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus puncticulatus columba Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A pure white subspecies; some specimens with a blue shining; a fat cone; spire medium low, straight sided to slightly concave; body whorl curves into the shoulder; about 8 incised spiral lines; upper part smooth; some specimens have extremely small brown dots.

Distribution: West Indies
Maximum size: 29 mm

Conus purpurascens Sowerby 1833 - Purple Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 84 mm

Conus purpurascens Sowerby 1833 (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus pusillus Gmelin 1791) - A synonym of Conus pusio Lamarck 1810 according to Filmer and otthers; - According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus mindanus Hwass 1792: See below.

Conus pusio Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

(Conus pusillus Lamarck 1810) - A synonym of Conus pusio Hwass 1792 according to Filmer; - According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus mindanus Hwass 1792

Distribution: Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Brazil, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus pusio Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus pusio Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus queenslandis da Motta 1984 (Image Paul Kersten) - A subspecies of Conus tribblei Walls 1977; See there.

Conus queketti E.A. Smith 1906 (Image Paul Kersten)
- Regarded by most as a synonym of Conus imperialis Linnaeus 1758; M. Filmer tends to believe it is a synonym indeed (see The Cone Collector 5 Conus queketti E.A. Smith, 1906 What is it? pages 21 - 24 http://www.theconecollector.net), in that case it would be a subspecies

Distribution: Southern Mozambique to Natal, South Africa
Maximum size: mm

Conus quercinus [Lightfoot 1786] - Oak Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 143.6 mm

Conus quercinus [Lightfoot 1786] (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus quercinus albonerosa Garrard 1966 (Image Paul Kersten) - Usually regarded as a form of quercinus Coomans et al. (1979) regard it as a valid species because of the absence of spiral grooves and a golden brown periostracum (in quercinus dark brown or greenish brown).

Distribution: Queensland Australia, Indian Ocean, Philippines
Maximum size: 80 mm

Conus quiquandoni Lorenz & Barbier 2008 (Image Philippe Quiquandon)
_ According to Filmer a synonym (albino form) of Conus kuroharai Habe, 1965
- According to Tucker possibly a synonym or form of Conus sulcatus Hwass, 1792; it could be a form of Conus kuroharai Habe, 1965 too.

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: measurement of the holotype: 67,9 mm

Conus quiquandoni Lorenz & Barbier 2008 (Image Philippe Quiquandon)

Conus rachelae Petuch 1988 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus mindanus Hwass 1792
- Shell short, squat with slightly rounded sides; shoulder sharply angled; shell polished, glossy with numerous large pustulated spiral cords; anterior part of the shell with deeply-impressed spiral sulci; aperture narrow; shell colour pale yellow tan with 3 wide bands of large orange-brown rectangular blotches aligned in vertical rows; pustulated spiral cords with small orange-brown dots between each pustule; spire whorls with large flammules; spire with flammules.

Distribution: Venezuela
Maximum size: 24 mm

Conus radiatus Gmelin 1791 - Rayed Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Taiwan, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji
Maximum size: 109 mm

Conus radiatus Gmelin 1791s   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus radiatus Gmelin 1791...63mm...Philippines   (Image Schooner)
Conus radiatus Gmelin 1791   A dark coloured specimen  (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus radiatus Gmelin 1791   (Image Michel Jolivet)

?? Conus rainesae McGinty 1953 (Image Alan Kohn)
- A valid species acc. to Filmer and Tucker, or a form of Conus mazei Deshayes 1874 according to others; a relatively short spire; sharply angled no shoulder nodes; body whorl al most straight, tapering to a point; spiral grooves very faint; body appearing smooth; spiral rows of spots numerous and pale brownish; elongated shell with brown dots, smooth surface -

Distribution: Yucatan - Mexico
Maximum size: 34 mm

?? Conus rainesae McGinty 1953 (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus ranonganus da Motta 1978 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: S.W. Thailand, Andaman Sea, Burma, Solomon Islands (?)
Maximum size: 107,5 mm

Conus ranonganus da Motta 1978   (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus ranonganus da Motta 1978    Golden variety  (Image Michel Jolivet)
Conus ranonganus da Motta 1978    Golden variety  (Image Somwang Patamakanthin)

Conus (Kermasprella) raoulensis Powell 1958 (Image from Loic Limpalaer, shell in the Eric Monnier collection)
- A synonym of Conus howelli Iredale 1929 according to Filmer
- According to Tucker: a synonym of Conus howelli Iredale 1929

Distribution: Norfolk Islands, Kermadecs
Maximum size: 22 mm

(Conus rarimaculatus Sowerby 1870) - Incertae cedis - possibly a synonym (juvenile specimen) of Conus sieboldii Reeve 1848.

Conus rattus Hwass 1792 - Rat Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific
Maximum size: 63.8 mm

Conus rattus Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus rattus Hwass 1792 pattern forms (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus rattus f. taitensis Hwass 1792 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A largely dark brown form or subspecies from French Polynesia with often less white markings -

Distribution: Tahiti
Maximum size: 63 mm

Conus raulsilvai Rolán Monteiro & Fernandes 1998 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Maio Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size: 25 mm

Conus raulsilvai Rolán Monteiro & Fernandes 1998 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus raulsilvai Rolán Monteiro & Fernandes 1998 (Image from Paul Kersten)

Conus rawaiensis da Motta 1978 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: W. Thailand, Sri Lanka
Maximum size: 48 mm

Conus rawaiensis da Motta 1978 - A close-up (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus (Rhizoconus) recluzianus Bernardi 1853 - Recluz's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: S.E. India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Japan to Philippines, Solomon Is., New Guinea, W. Australia, Arafura Sea, Queensland
Maximum size: 111.8 mm

Conus recluzianus Bernardi 1853 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus recluzianus Bernardi 1853 ...45 mm...Philippines (Image Schooner)

(Conus recluzianus roseorapum Raybaudi & da Motta 1990)
- Now considered to be a valid species - See main entry.

Conus recluzianus simanokiTenorio, Poppe & Tagaro 2007
A subspecies (Image Philippe Quiquandon)
- According to Filmer a synonym (form)

Distribution: India
Maximum size: 92 mm

Conus recluzianus simanoki Tenorio, Poppe & Tagaro 2007   (Image Philippe Quiquandon)
Conus recluzianus simanoki Tenorio, Poppe & Tagaro 2007   (Image Philippe Quiquandon)
Conus recluzianus simanoki Tenorio, Poppe & Tagaro 2007   (Image Paul Kersten)

Conus recluzianus urashimanus Kuroda & Ito 1961 (Image Paul Kersten)

- A form or subspecies with a rather uniform violet-brown colouration with often discontinuous darker brown spiral bands.

Distribution: Southern Japan
Maximum size: 75 mm

? Conus recurvus Broderip 1833 - Recurved Cone Lectotype (Image Alan Kohn)
- Often regarded to be a form of Conus regularis Sowerby 1833

Distribution: East Pacific
Maximum size: 99.7 mm

? Conus reductaspiralis Walls 1979 - Raised to species by Coomans and Filmer 1985, Tucker: subspecies; but considered by other authors as a form of Conus nielsenae Marsh 1962. See there.

Conus regius Gmelin 1791 - Crown Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A very variable cone; spire also very variable; shoulder coronated with white knobs which extend troughout the spire whorls; pattern highly variable; base colour is white, which sometimes appears almost bluish; colour varies from dark reddish brown to almost grey brown; there are usually 2 more or less interrupted spiral band, above and below centre, the rest of the whorl covered with an irregular pattern.

Distribution: Caribbean: Florida USA to Brazil
Maximum size: 84.3 mm

Conus regius Gmelin 1791   (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus regius Gmelin 1791...45 mm...Florida.  (Image Schooner)
Conus regius (and citrinus form) Gmelin 1791...33 & 33mmm...Florida   (Image Schooner)

Conus regius f. citrinus Gmelin 1791 (Image Paul Kersten)
- A yellow to orange colour form; crossed by many fine spiral lines in brown; intermediate patterned shells are known.

Distribution: Netherlands Antilles, Virgin Islands, C. Brazil
Maximum size: 52 mm

Conus regius f. citrinus Gmelin 1791...49mm...St. Barthelmy (Image Schooner)
Conus regius f. citrinus Gmelin 1791...30mm...Florida (Image Schooner)

Conus regonae Rolán & Trovão 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Sal Island, Cape Verde
Maximum size: 26 mm

Conus regonae Rolán & Trovão 1990 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus regonae Rolán & Trovão 1990 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus regularis Sowerby 1833 (Image Paul Kersten)
Sometimes regarded as a form of Conus gradatus Wood, 1828

Distribution: W. Mexico - Ecuador
Maximum size: 75 mm

Conus retifer Menke 1829 - Netted Cone (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Mozambique to Tanzania to Hawaii and French Polynesia
Maximum size: 69.4 mm

Conus retifer Menke 1829 (Image Paul Kersten)
Conus retifer Menke 1829...27 mm....Okinawa (Image Schooner)

Conus richardbinghami Petuch 1992 - Richard Bingham's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- A flat spire with a rounded shoulder, smooth body whorl; body whorl colour fluorescent orange-red with squarish white markings.

Distribution: Bahamas
Maximum size: 35 mm

Conus richardbinghami Petuch 1992 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus richardsae Korn & Röckel 1992 - Richard's Cone (Image Paul Kersten)
- According to Filmer a valid species
- reddish violet; last whorl with 3 spiral bands of brown axial clouds, below the shoulder and on both sides of the shoulder; dashed spiral lines

Distribution: Philippines, New Caledonia
Maximum size: 48 mm

Conus richardsae Korn & Röckel 1992 (Image Gene Mallory's Site)

Conus richeri Richard & Moolenbeek 1988 (Image Paul Kersten)

Distribution: New Caledonia, Chesterfield Island
Maximum size: 54 mm

Conus richeri Richard & Moolenbeek 1988 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
Conus richeri Richard & Moolenbeek 1988 (Image Michel Jolivet)

? Conus riosi Petuch 1986 (Image from Gene Mallory's Site)
- Very colourful and with distinct pattern (prominent white or brown central band), less pyriform than Conus goajira Petuch 1992 and larger than its congeners; by Filmer and Tucker regarded as a form of Conus daucus Hwass 1792; In her Thesis of 2004 Renata Gomes regards it to be a valid species

Distribution: E. Brazil
Maximum size: 74 mm

Conus riosi Petuch 1986 (Image from Femorale Site)

? Conus (Leporiconus) ritae (Petuch 1995) - Rita's Cone (Image Gene Mallory's Site)
- A valid species or possibly a form (Tucker) of Conus glenni Petuch 1993; much larger than look-a-like Conus glenni Petuch 1993; more inflated with a lower spire; more polished without raised spiral cords; bulliform, only faintly angled shoulder; spire deep red colour with 2 paler rose-bands and brown flammules; protoconch and early whorls bright rose-pink; anterior tip pale pinkish rose; deep red base colour overlaid with 2 wide bands, widely scattered pale brown cloudings; entire body with numerous rows of very faint, tiny pale brown dots; it can show a range of colours from red to yellow; this species lives in deep water 20-30m) while Conus glenni can be found at a depth of 1-4 m in reefs; the periostracum is thin velvet almost translucid typical for species living in sand; Conus glenni has a thick and hairy periostracum typical for species living near rocks (Pers. Comm. Bruno Besse, PK)

Distribution: Honduras
Maximum size: 27.5 mm

Conus rizali Olivera & Biggs 2010
A species in the praecellens-complex

Distribution: Philippines
Maximum size: 39 mm

abbas Hwass to cylindraceus Broderip & Sowerby
dalli Stearns to lizarum Raybaudi & Da Motta
locumtenens Blumenbach to rizali Olivera & Biggs - This Page
roberti Richard to zylmanae Petuch

Schooner Home Page

Cone Checklist Web Page design and formatting by Ross Mayhew and LaVerne Lambert

Taxonomic work mostly by Paul Kersten, with some input by Ross Mayhew, and contributions and comments submitted by many kind malacologists and conchologists!